ABSTRACT
Aim:The aim of this study is to determine the quality of our tissue processing through participation a multicentre research programme as part of external quality control.Study Design:Aanalytical retrospective study.Place and Duration of Study:Department of Pathology University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, July 2019.Methodology:An analytical study reviewing the performance of lymphoma tissue contributed to a Sub-Saharan African Lymphoma consortium study commissioned in 2008/2009 for which results were published in 2012. Twelve formalin fixed paraffin embedded lymphoma tissue were tested with a panel of 40 immunohistochemistry antibodies. The tissues were cut into 480 cores placed onslides before the test. Results:The tissues were from 5 women and 7 men. The mean age was 37years, median age 45 years and modal age was 60 years.Twenty six percent of the sectioned cores lifted at test andcould not therefore produce results.The reason for the lift off was tissue brittleness. Seventy four percent (74%) had intact cores on slides and produced a staining reaction although fragile antibodies like Ki 67 and bcl6 produced non reliable results while hardy antibodies like CD20 were more reliable Conclusion:The quality of histopathology biopsy results in the Department of Pathology University of Calabar teaching hospital needs to be improved. The strategies to achieve this involves the institution of continuous quality control and quality assurance
ABSTRACT
We present a case of a patient who presented with pituitary macroadenoma complicated with hydochephalus.He presented late to the referral hospital in a comatose state and died a few hours later.He was a 33-year-old,male who gave a history of highly accelerated symptoms lasting 1 week.Neurosurgical consultation as well as investigations with CT scan or MRI were not availed the patient,which could have been life saving. Autopsy findings were of a pituitary macroadenoma and signs of hydrocephalus and raised intracranial pressure which proved fatal
ABSTRACT
Female genital tuberculosis is one the known causes of infertility in the tropics. The symptom complex arediverse and it is one of the known causes of pyrexia of unknown origin. Instances of mimicry of ovarian cancer with raised CA125, have been reported. We present a case report in a 42-year-old woman with abdominal pain and progressive abdominal pain of 3 weeks durations, who had confounding symptom of raised CA125, forcing a presumptive diagnosis of ovarian cancer.She had exploratory total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). The surgical findings and histopathological diagnosis were suggestive of tuberculosis, for which she is undergoing treatment and showing remarkable improvement
ABSTRACT
Aims:To determine the prevalence of cancer in the rest of Cross River State not covered by the population-based cancer registry which is limited to the capital city of Calabar.Study Design:Descriptive retrospective study involving a trend analysis of cancers from the rest of Cross River State not covered by the Calabar cancer registry. Cancers incident in the Pathology and Haematology departments of the University of Calabar Teaching hospital are included in the study.Place and Duration of Study:Pathology and Haematology departments of the University of Calabar Teaching hospital. Data was assessed between April to May 2019.Methodology:An institution-based trend analysis of cancers originating from the rest of Cross River State, out of population-based cancer registry’s coverage was carried out. Such cases incident in the Pathology and Hematology Departments of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were included. Cancer data from 1stJanuary 2004 to 31stDecember 2013 was accessed from the archives of both departments. Data extraction was carried out though filling of a check list and these were fed into IBM statistical package for social sciences SPSS version 21 for analysis.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of prostate cancer in men living in Calabar- Nigeria, which has not been determined up till now. Study Design: A trend analysis of prostate cancer cases in Calabar between 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2013. Place and Duration of Study: Calabar cancer registry, May to June 2015. Methodology: Record of prostate cancer cases in the Calabar cancer registry between 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2013,was accessed. The patients age, sex, place domiciled in the last one year; whether rural or urban as well as prostate cancer topography and morphology were obtained and analyzed. The population of males domiciled in Calabar was determined using the 2006 national population census data and 3.0% population growth as specified by the national population commission. Excluded are all male genital tract cancers outside prostate cancer .The data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21. Results: Two hundred and seventy nine (279) prostate cancer cases were seen, with mean (SD) age of subjects being 64.2 (9.5) years, with a range 40 to 95 years. About 249 cases (89.3%) occurred in those who are 55 years or older at time of diagnosis, with the commonest age group being 60-64 years. The age specific incidence of prostate cancer is 89 per 100,000, both crude and adjusted incidence rates were highest in 2012 (69.4 and 97.4 per 100,000, respectively). There was significant decrease in incidence rates in the initial five years (2004-2008), and increase in rates in the following five years of study (2009-2013). Within the 5-year period from 2004 to 2008, there was an average annual decrease in incidence rate of 9.63% (95% CI: 6.1%-12.8%). However, within the 5-year period from 2009 to 2013, there was an average annual increase in incidence rate of 11.95% (95%CI: 8.72% to 13.04%). Conclusion: This epidemiologic study demonstrate the incidence of prostate cancer in Calabar, Nigeria, with a predominance of patients in the 60- 64 years age group. West African states have to scale up population screening and study of this neoplasm.
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was done to assess and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cholesterol and protein in differentiating ascites into malignant and non-malignant group in comparison with cytology. Study Design: A cross sectional study to determine the correlation between ascitic fluid cholesterol and protein and malignant and non-malignant ascites. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the clinics of gastroenterology surgery, and obstetrics/gynecology at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), between August 2011 and July 2013. Methodology: A total of 75 consecutive patients of Nigerian origin with ascites (37 malignant and 38 non-malignant) were studied for total cholesterol and total protein concentration in ascites. Also, cytology was done for all the 75 samples of ascitic fluid. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software (version 15.0), and the level of significance set at p<0.05 and p<0.001. Results: The ascitic fluid cholesterol and protein levels in malignant ascites were higher (values of 103.10±30.00 mg/dL for cholesterol and 38.72±18.00 g/L for protein respectively) than in nonmalignant ascites (values of 33.20±22.00 mg/dL for cholesterol and 30.21±15.00 g/L for protein). The p value for cholesterol was less than 0.001. Cytology had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall diagnostic accuracy of 56.8%, 100%, 100%, 70.4%, and 78.6% respectively. Using a cut-off limit of 72.7 mg/dL, cholesterol had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall diagnostic accuracy of 94.6%, 94.7%, 94.6%, 94.7% and 94.7% respectively. Ascitic fluid total protein had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall diagnostic accuracy of 37.8%, 86.8%, 73.7%, 58.9%, and 62.7% respectively. Cholesterol was more sensitive than protein and cytology in the differentiating malignant from non-malignant ascites. Conclusion: It was concluded that measurement of cholesterol in ascitic fluid can differentiate between malignant and non-malignant ascites, and can supplement cytology in the differential diagnosis of ascites.